Is Turkey a Democracy

Turkey is a democracy with a tradition going back to 1945, when the authoritarian presidential regime set up by the founder of the modern Turkish state, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, gave place to a multi-party political system. A traditional ally of the US, Turkey, has one of the healthiest democratic systems in the Muslim world, although with considerable deficits on the issue of the protection of minorities, human rights, and the freedom of the press. System of Government: Parliamentary Democracy The Republic of Turkey is a parliamentary democracy where political parties compete at elections every five years to form the government. The president is elected directly by the voters, but his position is largely ceremonial, with real power concentrated in the hands of the prime minister and his cabinet. Turkey has had a tumultuous, but for the most part, peaceful political history after the World War II, marked with tensions between left and right-wing political groups, and more recently between the secular opposition and the ruling Islamist Justice and Development Party (AKP, in power since 2002). Political divisions have led to bouts of unrest and army interventions over the past decades. Nevertheless, Turkey today is a fairly stable country, where the vast majority of political groups agree that political competition should stay within the framework of a democratic parliamentary system. Turkey’s Secular Tradition and the Role of the Army The statues of Ataturk are ubiquitous in Turkey’s public squares, and the man who in 1923 founded the Turkish Republic still bears a strong imprint on the country’s politics and culture. Ataturk was a staunch secularist, and his quest for modernization of Turkey rested on a strict division of state and religion. The ban on women wearing the Islamic headscarf in public institutions remains the most visible legacy of Ataturk’s reforms, and one of the main dividing lines in the cultural battle between secular and religiously conservative Turks. As an army officer, Ataturk awarded a strong role to the military which after his death became a self-styled guarantor of Turkey’s stability and, above all, of the secular order. To this end, the generals launched three military coups (in 1960, 1971, 1980) to restore political stability, each time returning the government to civilian politicians after a period of interim military rule. However, this interventionist role awarded the military with great political influence which eroded Turkey’s democratic foundations. The military’s privileged position began to diminish significantly after the coming of power of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan in 2002. An Islamist politician armed with a firm electoral mandate, Erdogan pushed through ground-breaking reforms which asserted the predominance of civilian institutions of the state over the army. Controversies: Kurds, Human Rights Concerns, and the Rise of the Islamists Despite decades of multi-party democracy, Turkey routinely attracts international attention for its poor human rights record and the denial of some of the basic cultural rights to its Kurdish minority (app. 15-20% of the population). Kurds: In 1984, the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) launched an armed rebellion for an independent Kurdish homeland in Turkey’s southeast. Over 30 000 were killed in the fighting, while thousands of Kurdish activists were tried for alleged crimes against the state. The Kurdish issue remains unresolved, but promising peace talks resulted in 2013 in a partial demobilization of the PKK.Human Rights: Draconian legislation used to bolster the fight against the Kurdish separatists has also been used to target journalists and human rights campaigners critical of the military and the state. Judges have used laws penalizing vaguely defined offenses, such as â€Å"denigrating Turkishness,† to shut down dissent. Mistreatment in jail is common (see the report by The Guardian).The Rise of the Islamists: The AKP of Prime Minister Erdogan projects an image of a moderate Islamist party, socially conservative but tolerant, pro-business and open to the world. Erdogan embraced the Arab Spri ng protests in 2011, offering Turkey as a model of democratic development. However, many secular groups are feeling increasingly sidelined by the AKP, accusing Erdogan of amassing ever more power and using his parliamentary majority gradually to Islamize the society. In mid-2013, frustration with Erdogan’s leadership style escalated into mass anti-government protests.

The Life Of A Slave Girl The Typical Slave Family

In 1619 the first African slaves arrived into the United States to help with the production of crops that colonies like Jamestown needed assistance in gathering. With the idea of cheap labor being introduced the slavery system was created and would eventually evolve into a nightmare of constant abuse and cruelty. Slaves were thought of as just items to be owned and possessed no legal power. They were given scraps of food and small portions of water to split amongst other slaves who lived on or around the plantation. In attempts to keep the slave community under control, slave holders used dehumanizing physical tactics to break down the slave’s psych and keep them in a state of oppression. This state of oppression has been reinforced throughout generations leading into recent times where the African American community remains fractured by the same previous tactics just renamed. In Jacobs’s narrative Incidents in the life of a slave girl the typical slave family was torn apart while surviving physical and emotional punishment. Linking the African American plight to recent conditions sociologists has associated certain conclusions of U.S. slavery as having a connection to the state of the African American community today. Majority of households are run by a single parent home and the black community is still being controlled through physical punishment by a corrupt justice system. Similar to Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl we continue to see the destruction of the AfricanShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of A Slave Girl By John S. Jacobs And A True Tale Of Slavery963 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery in the American South is a well-documented culture with a well-known theme of corruption; however, Harriett A. Jacobs provides new insight as to the feministic repression due to the happenings of slavery. In â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† by Harriett A. Jacobs and â€Å"A True Tale of Slavery† by John S. Jacobs, the corrupting power of slavery is established as a central theme that accompanied the sexual exploitation of African American women. Both authors give individualized understandingsRead MoreSolomon Northup s Experience On The Lives Of Subordinates884 Words   |  4 PagesChained and confined in a damp, dirty slave quarter, fed enough to barely survive and comply the master’s orders, beaten and labored until their bodies just couldn’t take it anymore, the conditions that a typical slave would experience on a daily basis. When you hear these conditions being depicted, you’d instantaneously think of an animal that is being captivated. However, in this situation, slaves are often seen as livestock, sometimes even less than that. Slaves weren’t considered humans, even thoughRead MoreSlavery During The Society Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs991 Words   |  4 Pageslabor and plantation success. Yet, the life of a slave was not the most pleasant and they suffered greatly. Slaves were mistreated and abused by their masters in a way that they were dehumanized and stripped of all rights that should have been morally available. An insight into the life of a salve, particularly of a woman, can be seen in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, which gives a first-hand account of th e pain and suffering of a girl who more than anything wanted freedomRead MoreThe Institution of Slavery and Its Effects of People and Family Life1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe Institution of Slavery and its Effects on People and Family Life The â€Å"Public Sale of Negroes, by Richard Clagett, depicts a typical auction in 1883. Although, it is important to note that â€Å"typical† in the 1800’s is very far from the typical of today. What is interesting or peculiar about this auction and many others in this time is that they were auctioning and selling people. The â€Å"Institution of Slavery† or chattel slavery, or even simply slavery, was the mistreatment of people as personalRead MoreFrederick Douglass Vs. Harriet Jacobs987 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica for 246 years and even after, African Americans were still treated with disrespect from the white community. One of the many darkest and depressing events in the history of the United States was the practice of slavery. Two of the most famous slave narrative writers during the last three decades of legal slavery were Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs. Douglass was an American abolitionist, author and orator. He was born into slavery for roughly 20 years until he gained the courage to escapeRead MoreWoman Of Color And Privilege1166 Words   |  5 PagesWoman of Color and Privilege Based on the evidence supplied by author Kent Anderson Leslie, slaves in antebellum Georgia did not always live under the oppressive system of chattel labor. According to Leslie, the rules that applied to racial hierarchy were not strictly enforced, especially when it came to propertied and wealthy planters such as David Dickson who chose to raise his mixed-race daughter at home. Amanda Dickson’s experiences during Reconstruction demonstrate that she had much moreRead MoreIncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesIn Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs writes, Slavery is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible for women (64). Jacobs work shows the evils of slavery as being worse in a womans case by the gender. Jacobs elucidates the disparity between societal dictates of what the proper roles were for Nineteenth century women and the manner that slavery prevented a woman from fulfilling these roles. The book illustrates the double standard of for white women versus black womenRead MoreThe Paleolithic And Neolithic Period Of Prehistory, Man And Woman1747 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the Paleolithic and Neolithic times, both man and woman had to work to get food for their families in separate, but equally as important ways. Since the invention of the plow, most the world’s civilizations have been patriarchal societies. Before the plow was invented, man and woman had close to equal roles in the family and community life. Once the agricultural revolution began, the typical patriarchal society began, and became the norm for every great civilization. During the Stone AgeRead MoreIncidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesIn Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs writes, Slavery is terrible for men; but it is far more terrible for women (64). Jacobs work shows the evils of slavery as being worse in a womans case by the gender. Jacobs elucidates the disparity between societal dictates of what the proper roles were for Nineteenth century women and the manner that slavery prevented a woman from fulfilling these roles. The book illustrates the double standard of for white women versus black womenRead MoreRacial Slavery and the Development of Our Nation Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America, a symbol for freedom and liberty throughout the world, was built upon the backs of millions of vulnerable slaves. By the time we became a country in 1776, slavery was engrained in many of our founding fathers minds as the source of economic wellbeing. Each state, community and indi vidual had their own ideas about the institution and whether it was morally or constitutionally right. It is one of the highest debated topics in the history of our country. Slavery, controversial

To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis Essay Example For Students

To Kill a Mockingbird Analysis Essay To Kill a Mockingbird is an excellent example of a bildungsroman. Bildungsroman is a genre of novel in which characters go from a position of ignorance and in To Kill a Mockingbird, the position of youth to a position of greater maturity and understanding. Harper Lee deals with many adult issues in To Kill a Mockingbird through the eyes and ears of a child narrator; this allows the reader to overcome any prejudices an adult narrator may express. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout is one of the few characters influenced only by the ethical custodian figure that is their father, Atticus. Despite the apparent lack of any real control over her, from a very early stage in the novel the impression is given that Atticus is one of the few people Scout will pay attention to. Rather than the more common fatherly approach of force, Atticus uses compromise: If you concede the necessity to go to school, well go reading every night just as we always have. Is it a bargain? Yes sir! This one example of Atticuss approach may reveal one way by which Scout can mature: the more traditional forceful approach of fatherhood may have instilled a fear in Scout of her father, and caused her to remain a child for a longer period of time. Instead, she matures as result of Atticuss more adult-like approach towards the treatment of his children. This allows them to develop their own views, and to make decisions for themselves. At the beginning of the novel, Scout is portrayed as a hotheaded individual, who thinks that playground violence solves problems: Catching Walter Cunningham in the schoolyard gave me some pleasure, but when I was rubbing his nose in the dirt Jem came by and told me to stop. Scouts reason for inciting a fight with Walter was an immature one, yet is related to the prejudice she experiences in Maycomb. She was angered by others prejudices towards blacks, and towards her father defending Tom Robinson. Later in the novel it is clear to see how she has reached the first stage of level-headedness when confronted with a threatening situation instead of jumping in with her fists flying, she finds the strength to resist the taunts of those less mature than her. After this incident, Atticus again reminds Scout of the importance of not fighting: You might hear some ugly talk about it at school, but do one thing for me if you will: you just hold your head up high and keep those fists down. Atticus seems to know that he can rely upon the great respect Scout harbours for him to see that his point is remembered. It seems to the reader that Scout has taken this advice well, when she walks away from a fight at school, again from prejudiced taunts about her fathers case, with Atticuss words reverberating in her head. She possesses the maturity, it seems, to take advice to heart very quickly, and to realise that to break a tacit promise to her father would be a great regression in her path towards becoming a rounded individual. Yet only a short time later the book almost deliberately makes a point of the fact that she regresses back to fisticuffs in order to settle a petty dispute with Francis. Francis appears in the novel as being particularly susceptible to his grandmothers prejudices. This results in Scout no longer being able to resist the temptation of violence. This may be because, whereas in the schoolyard she could walk away, Francis is perpetually irritating her with the constant irritation of his presence. After initially displaying the maturity shown when walking away from a fight, she is unable to muster the inner strength required to repeat the task. This, however, should not be taken as meaning that Scout will no longer be able to resist the temptation of fighting: as I have previously mentioned, to portray the rise to maturity of Scout to be smooth and uneventful would be unrealistic: Harper Lees inclusion of this event makes Scouts progression seem pragmatic. When previously she could resist the lure of a fight by reminding herself of conforming to one of Atticus very few regulations, there is still the child present inside her, which cannot yet be restrained. Courage is also a lesson in which Scout experiences both the extremes: true bravery Mrs. Duboses morphine addiction, and the distinct lack of nerve Mayella Ewells towards her father, all from a tender age. These lessons provoke emotions in Scout that she finds difficult to explain-only then does she talk to Atticus, who instils in her the true connotation of her experience. He clarifies her childish thoughts, until eventually she no longer needs to convert her thoughts into adult ones, due to the fact that they are already clear to her. Scouts discovery of Mrs. Gender Relations in Efuru EssayMany people in Maycomb tend to be very aware of their differences and to categorise each other. The Cunninghams are poor and hard-working. They are described as â€Å"the Cunningham tribe†; The word tribe suggests that they are less advanced and poorer than the rest of the community.l The children in Maycomb reflect the rest of Maycomb society to a large extent. They are very aware of the history of the American civil war and that they were on the side of the Southern states. When Miss Caroline Fisher said that she was from North Alabama which was part of the Northern States, â€Å"the class murmured apprehensively, should she harbour her share of the peculiarities indigenous to that region† The word â€Å"harbour† suggests that Maycomb people see people from the Northern States as holding negative features and the words â€Å"peculiarities indigenous† suggest that the Maycomb people view people from the Northen States as s trange and less advanced. However, the children also have good qualities, which reflect some of the good parts of Maycomb society. When Burris Ewell made Miss Caroline cry, the rest of the class tried to comfort her by saying such things as â€Å"now don’t you fret, ma’am. Miss Caroline, why don’t you read us a story? That cat thing was real fine this mornin’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The phrase â€Å"that cat thing† shows that the children view the story of the cat which Miss Caroline read in the morning as something strange, but they wanted to make her happy by asking her to read another story. Harper Lee uses language creatively and effectively to help us see and know the people and place of Maycomb better. From her use of various figures of speech, imagery and devices of sound, we find that Maycomb is a small town, and it’s people live in a â€Å"small-town† community. Most of the Maycomb community is friendly but most of the people are also judgemental and intolerant, excluding other pople such as snobby, unfriendly families, poor people and the black community. They also tend to categorise each other on the basis of social status. The children of Maycomb reflect the rest of the Maycomb community to a large extent, and the language used to describe them also helps us to understand Maycomb society. English Essays

Cyberarts Essay Example For Students

Cyberarts Essay Tools/Materials used in the classroom presentation tool Science/Technology W. Webmasters program V. Benefits of social media in class VI. Social networking in the internet BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS Ill. Arts education for teachers:Integrating Technology into classroom teaching. All river street. Hoboken,NJ. Wiley sons Inc. Internet En. Westbrook_o ARTS_and_Science/Ethnology www. Magic_city_news. Com/education_10/ definition Of social media in the classrooms. SHTML en. Wisped. Org/Wick/cybercafà ©s Magazines/Periodicals Bailey Technology engages students earnings. Education 13 Doves,g. (2009). Social networking on the internet,education today p. 34 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Cybercafà ©s is embracing the future of education. It is a program designed with the use of modern technology. Nowadays, students have been addicted different social networking sites such as face book, twitter and the likes. Without the proper usage of such, students will not benefit from it but rather give them more chance of losing a brighter future, Cybercafà ©s can be use as an educational tool especially in the deliberation and acceptance of knowledge This term paper is beneficial for both the writer and the readers as well. With this study we will learn the proper way of sing the modern technology and will be oriented With the different networking sites which are essential in gathering of information and knowledge. However, if we are not properly guided With the use Of cybercafà ©s , it wasnt be beneficial rather lead us too more complex world. The main focus of the writer is to improve the quality Of learning by using some innovations such as cybercafà ©s. With the use of cybercafà ©s, there will be an active participation among the students. The students who lacks interest in the different subjects will be lessen. And there will be a combination of artistic expression and technical experience f both the teachers and the students will learn to use the different networking sites more cautiously and beneficially. The researcher came up with these term paper with the intention that the readers will be awaken with the proper usage of cybercafà ©s. Students often rush in the internet cater not to learn but to play and enjoy. So no learning takes place. This is the main reason why the Miter is inspired to focus charter for her study, After the chosen topic, the researcher checked the availability of the references and consulted her instructors on her topic. After a facts in order to be accepted by the readers. It is with great hopes that this term paper, learning will be more enjoyable and interesting with the aid of cybercafà ©s, CHAPTER II DISCUSSION A multi-disciplinary integrated six-year arts and technology specialized program. It has been honored by manacles magazines as one Of the best program in Canada. An addition learning to arts, design , and technology. The students will be taught about important skills such as organization, work ethics, presentation skills, professionalism, career building as stated on en. Wisped. Org/wick/ cybercafà ©s II. Tools/materials used in classroom presentation devices Sharp, V. F(2009) computer education for teachers: integrating technology into classroom teaching. State that the teacher needs a way to use computer to demonstrate a program or concept to the entire class. Technology nowadays, like the presentation tools are becoming popular with teachers who wants to share information with small/large group of students. There are method that will used by educators interactive whiteboard it is a touch sensitive screen that is commonly white and resemble a dry-erased board. The interactive whiteboard deeds a computer, projector, interactive whiteboard, and special markers. This will be the used of the said materials users can look at images , manipulate them and add comments using a special pen or highlighted The teacher can also use his/her finger like a mouse and run application like Powering. .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 , .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 .postImageUrl , .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 , .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5:hover , .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5:visited , .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5:active { border:0!important; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5:active , .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5 .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua9b7c42d77ce643a3312007f6438a0d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Impact of Globalisation on the Australian Econ EssayIll. Arts and science/ technology We must not forget that computers are tools, not ends in themselves. This is a statement made by Diane Raving, a historian, in her article the great technology mania about the implications Of trying to succeed at maximizing student achievement through technology. She goes on to make an even bolder statement about their being no evidence that use Of computer or internet improves student achievement. In the field of education, it is not always a fact that the use of internet is always beneficial. Although, computers make learning interesting, it should be noted that not all computer oriented activities brings fruitful ends. In the arts and sciences as well, computers hinders learning since there is a limitation in the use of creation thinking skills, innovations, imaginations, etc. It is still beneficial if students develop art works through the use of their own reiterative, resourcefulness and imaginative skills, If we are to prepare students tort work, computer is not always the best way to achieve success. There are people who shove their concern that computers arent best way to make successful employees. According to Kuris Messing, people who use computers a lot slowly grow rusty in their ability to think. V. Cyber arts program Is a specialized, mufti-disciplinary, integrated arts and technology program available in schools. It avgas created in 1995 by educators who saw a great need for enriched learning through the arts. It focuses in project based learning integrates arts and technology. In addition to learning art, design and technology, students are also taught important skills such as organization work ethic, presentation skills, professionalism, career building. The program features an opportunity to complete authentic task that have some connection to real life problem the students will face outside the classroom. Cybercafà ©s is committed to both formal and informal experiences in cooperative education and in the develop must of curriculum to provide real world project that extend beyond the classroom. Problem based learning is the another important aspects of the program. All cybercafà ©s student are expected to contribute to the program, school or greater community. As stated on en. Westbrook. Org/wick/ V. Benefits of social media in the classroom Many people see a social media as a harbinger for the end of critical thinking, School are banning teachers and student for using it , as evidence by the recent Missouri law Despite all the harmful effects here some benefits a professor from a Sam Houston state university gives students in her public relation course assignment on youth. Students will watch news stories and list a question to help them analyze the content, then participate in the group discussion the following period Professor in another university of Texas at Dallas used a twitter for her history class, which took place in a large, auditorium- style classroom. Students would have a mini-discussion on a certain topic and then tweet their most important points With the established has tags for the class . And on Ontario Canada a professor created a blob for high school student Which included instruction for a backbone character projects. Student Will create a casebook proof a fictional character from a novel they were studying. VI. Social networking in the internet According to the national school association(2007) 96% of the students using the computer online use some foam of social networking sites in the websites HTH lets individuals of similar interest spend long time together. They communicate with each other voices video conferencing , instant messages and blobs, In many instances they contact each other in person. Here some popular social networking sites Namespace offer a network of friends , personal profile ,photos, group, blob, and music. Backbone originally targeted college students this service now connects people of similar interest. Twitter informs your friends about your daily schedule. Social networking popularity is growing and with this growth problems have been arisen. You are collecting personal information there are privacy issue. Users of these sites share information with their friends and its too easy for this information to fall into the hands of complete strangers. Also sexually explicit information has been displayed. CHAPTER Ill ANALYSIS Cybercafà ©s is a very innovative tool in education.