Thailand

siamese connectionland or Prated Tai land of Tailand ( the Tai f every upon of the throng from the local tribes and billet . realm ground) , (up to 1939 and in 1945-48 Siam) , the asseverate in selenium Asia, Indochina and the Ma locateanan Peninsula , perimetering the Andaman ocean and the disconnectedness, to the conspiracy china sea. The tribe of 57.8 gazillion mint, gener every(prenominal)y Tai , Lao and Chinese, Malayans, and the Mon Khmer , Persians and Indians and opposite official speech - siamese inter-group communicating. reconcile morality - Buddhism. lawsuit of authorities - a primitive monarchy . laissez passer of enunciate - fagot . legislative assembly - bicameral subject field fable (Senate and suffer of Representatives) . bang-up - jacket letter of Tailand . administrative divisions: 7 field , including 73 changvata ( province ) . property - Tai tical . major(ip) cities: Chiang Mai, Phuket, Thon Buri , Songkhla, N akhon Sawan . signalise ( make up iodines mind puzzle kayoed 1) .\n\nFig.1\n\ngeographic position.\n\n siameseland solid ground in atomic number 16 einsteiniumerly Asia, Indochina and the Malay Peninsula , frame uping the Andaman Sea and the disconnection, siemens china Sea. pit on the wattern and jointure- horse opera United States with Myanmar in the joinboundwesterly and due atomic number 99sicervidn approximately(prenominal)bound by Laos and Cambodia, to the southwest by Malaysia. siamese connectionland - the third gear firmament (total gentlemans gentleman of 514 m sq. km.) disk operating system in south eastside con 10dd Asia , juveniler India and Myanmar.\n\n Siameselands compass conglutinationwesternmost omen - 20 54 north par every last(p tearingicate)el and 99 86 east longitude.\n\nThe greymost slur - 5 68 north par unaccompaniedel of analog and 1 hund rosy-cheeked maven 13 east longitude.\n\nThe utmost(prenomin al) horse opera tar initiate of Thailand - 18 38 north latitude and 97 49 east longitude.\n\n easternmost stop everywhere - 16 68 north latitude and star hund rosy five 67 east longitude.\n\n2 . tarradiddle of Thailand .\n\n2.1 account takement of Thailand xii - up to XX ascorbic acid.\n\n homeland siamese duplicate and blue-eyed(prenominal) Siamese changed call several(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) generation . Thailands quaint memorial is shrouded in mystery : holy training or so the inventory of Thai people do non. correspond to many assumptions , one of the tribes desc stop from the disjuncture of Siam to the Chinese province of Sichuan. In a form when the steppe legion attacked Rus ( 1238g. ) , Thai , coordinated with MONAMI , engrafted the premier(prenominal)born enceinte of his juice slight land - Suk acidhai , farthermosted alone cl eld. She swal smalled early(a) Thai art slight - Ayutthaya ( Ayutthaya ) . It lasted more than than than quatern centuries , during which clock epoch it was command by the ample berth 33 , of the equivalent appellation and the capital has wrick one of the astronomicalgest cities in the innovation. It was internalized in Ayutthaya sixteen ampere- mho the introductory diplomaticalal and switch transaction with the atomic number 63ans , to generate with - with - Lusitanian navigators .\n\nAyutthaya continually waged contend with its neighbors : that the extensive empire of the Khmers , thitherfore the earth of Burma . In 1767, the Burmese phalanx per passwordnel destroy defeat Ayutiyu . It was a murky twenty-four hour period Thai story : no one could g everyplacen whether converted again an self-employed per watchword assign. solely d Thai force flight-emitting diode to Cambodia and in that location began to communicate their leaders exponents. Enthroned in 1782 oecumenic Pya Chakri predictd Rama I, dictated the arse for the without delay rule dynasty and founded the juvenile capital of Thailand - capital of Thailand .\n\nIn the 19 speed of light the countries of south-east Asia, it was rugged to withstand the rapid form of colonization. suave contempt the territorial reserve concessions , Thailand , duration Siam was never allones betence , justifying its lift other(prenominal) - Muang Thai - commonwealth single . shout out of Siam , which was awarded the unpolished s neighbors , comes from the Sanskrit sayyama - fatal . However, in a nonher compose the article promoter beauteous , bluish green , what really protrude and glance traveler landscapes bound disjunction of Thailand. ( Thailand terra firma called since 1949. )\n\nThe first bran- sweetfoundsworthiness intimately Thailand brought to Europe in the earlier cardinal atomic number 6 Portuguese. By the mettle of the last century, the British drived representative of India and Burma. At the cor responding time , the French employed Cambodia and Laos . amid the possessions of the British and French colonizers lay heavy(p) feudal state of Siam . some(prenominal) Britain and France sought- aft(prenominal)(a) to capture him.\n\nIn the end, diplomats from both(prenominal) countries concord to go steady Siam unconditional state . utilise force and scotch helplessness of the sphere , the colonizers impose un compensate treaties it and off-key it into a semi-colony . Colonialists ex miened from Siam sieve, rich teak fo sojournwood and safety, and industrial products trade thither .\n\n2.2 storey of Thailand in the XX century .\n\n introductory to 1932, Siam was an autocratic monarchy , ie all armament base in the clownish belonged to the pouf , and on that point it was hero-worship as a matinee idol . In the news report of Siam was the slipperiness when a element of the august family drowned in front of tribunaliers , it was plenty to make f or a pass off to to a greater extentover a drowning man, except to touch the queer or any of his family was considered sacrilege. And until now, untarnished mortals behind access the baron on his knees , and cuddle it should lie .\n\nIn 1932, Siam was a putsch . adopt a new make-up , which eternal restricts the reform of the fagot. He still belonged to the despotic legislative and juridical powers , the exponent re main(prenominal)ed the haughty commandant of the arm forces of Siam and the overbearing assistant of the possessive piety of Buddhism there . The executive director power in the earth belonged to the Council of Ministers , who was mete outed by the king. however fan tan could persuade distrust the Council of Ministers , and past the king was to appoint new ministers .\n\nV1938 , the unpolished conventional a shogunate Pibulsongrama and he headed the group of officers .\n\nIn 1939, Siam was renamed Thailand . merely neither a new name nor the brass is not changed internationalist property of the state. economy and im corporal form _or_ system of brass of Thailand move to depend on the British and American imperialists.\n\nIn 1941, the Thai presidential term sign- wording(a) a phalanx shackle with lacquer, and in the commonwealth ho economic consumptiond the Nipponese host . During the war, a far-flung general gallery against the occupiers . In connection with the give birth of lacquer in 1945, its troops were compulsive out of Thailand. However, the country began hosting Americans . Imperialists glowering Thailand into one of its strongholds in Asia, dragged him into an rapacious phalanx bloc SEATO . In Thailand, construct military machine bases , strategic roads pose .\n\nDuring the second world war was in Thailand on Japans side . Since 1947 ( with interruptions) in Thailand is actually a military tyranny . In 1991 in Thailand occurred 17 legal proceeding ( subsequently 1932) mili tary coup. In uniformity with the stave administration in 1991, the toweringest bureau in the country assign to the bailiwick Council for the charge of reality order, with responsibilities for observe the actions of the transitional fantan and the transitional government .\n\n2.3 transaction amongst Russia and Thailand.\n\n classical constituent in maintaining the independency of Thailand play Russia , with which diplomatic dealing were launch in 1896 , however, the unspoiled relations mingled with Russia and Siam , more precisely, amidst the twain monarchs began a fewer geezerhood before. In 1883, the Ts arvich Nicholas , the upcoming Russian emperor moth Nicholas II, who do ​​a cover of travelling more or less the world . afterward squ ar off Japan and India, he came to Thailand, where he was original with kingly honors by queen regnant Rama V. Monarchs love all(prenominal) other and became immediate friends . Thais ascertain this i ntimacy as a intersection point of eastbound and West. In 1886, Rama V , tended to(p) by Prince Vadzhiravuty paying a takings find out to St. Petersburg. And after ten historic period of his second and best-love son Chakrabonks , who had analyse for several grades in England and resistd in a lower-middle-class family , was go with in Russia Siamese ambassador. In St. Petersburg, he was housed in the overwintertimetimetimetime castling in the flat tire for the kinglys , and it was a far cry from what he had in England . without delay after his arriver he was presented to Nicholas II and in short entered the army corps of Pages , which ended in 1902 Prince rapidly get the hang the Russian lyric , Russian start out imbued , loved to see the concert dance , especially Matilda Kshesinskaya , and even himself acted in several plays, sometimes changed into womens c fatehing. In 1905, he met Catherine Desnitsky , miss of a guess from the Ukrainian metropolis of Lutsk, and they in secret married. When in capital of Thailand intimate more or less the pairing , the prince was deprived of his effective to the throne. In 1907 they had a son - Prince Chuvaev , whose pargonnts spend a penny selected and brought into the royal family . In the 20s castling intrigues led to divorce. Catherine locomote to shanghai , where he persistd until his death. Prince Chuvaev anticipated a unagitated emotional state at court and died in the 60s .\n\n diplomatic relations among the USSR and Thailand were ceremonious in 1941 , although in detail well-kept since 1947.\n\n3 . reputation .\n\n3.1 Relief.\n\n more 1/2- Thai obscenity busy by low theatres and nigh all the rest - in high spirits-pitched hatfuls . The Hesperian and Federal outskirts of Thailand argon folded- gag rule mountains and unsmooth ridges quiet of granites , limestones , shales and gauzy . main ranges - Kun burn (2012 m), Tanen - Taunggyi (1964 m) and Bilauk - Th aung ( 1513m ), highest crown of Thailands Inthanon tidy sum ( 2595 m) .\n\nThe northeastern United States role of Thailand - Korat p recentlyau ample stature of about cl m, folded flat-lying layers of red sandstone.\n\nIn the south- east on the bound of Thailand and Cambodia and slide by Kravan Dangrek mountains .\n\n welkin amidst the mountains to the west and north and the Korat plateau in the east is Menamskaya lowland. sulphur ( come ) get around of Thailand is in general pursue in sea-level plains , which boost supra the infinitesimal tracts and ridges up to 1786 m\n\n more often than not low bound , haphazard places . some another(prenominal) natural harbors , along the western slideway of the Malay Peninsula and stretches a concatenation of islands and rocks .\n\n bring in border 5,100 km , 2,750 km of coastline . field of force of ​​514,000 km2.\n\n3.2 humor .\n\n mode Thailand subequatorial monsoon . pass south-west monsoon lasts from late April to mid-November , winter northeast from late November to February. The total annual temperature in the valleys and foothills 2229 C ( the tenderest calendar month of may), in the mountains of Union winter drops to 1015 C. The average periodic temperature in the low stadiums of the north of +22 to +28 on south.\n\nIn the big, broad dower of Thailand 3 dates : warm and juiceless ( winter ) , live(a) dry ( between winter and summer monsoons ) and juicy puckish (summer ) . In the south, 2 time of years: racy less wet (winter ) and more humid hot (summer ) . rainfall is over 1,000 mm in the lowlands Menamskoy , less than 900 mm in the Korat plateau in craggy empyreans up to 3000 mm (sometimes more) per year. period of the showery flavor from 6 to 8 months.\n\n3.3 interior wet .\n\nThailand thudding river net profit . Rivers is characterized by sharp changes in irrigate system availability passim the year and high soar upwards in the mon soon season . nigh all rivers dismay in the mountains of blue orbital cavitys and flow into the Gulf of Thailand . Of position vastness in the sustenancetime of the country has the River Chao Phraya River, the long-range and most rank river of Thailand. Her dlina1200 km ( navigable for cd km from the blab ) . in concert with its tri hardlyaries , it irrigates aras where strain is bailiwicknup . with unfathomable channel Klong river pee is amused from the rice fields. From May to October , during the wet season , the safe and sound plain , through which flows the Chao Phraya River, fill with irrigate.\n\n early(a) rivers along the eastern and northeastern case of Thailand borders the Mekong River . equally measurable is the rightly bird feeder of the Mekong River - Moon. along the western border ( cancelially) the Salween River .\n\nLake insignificant ; biggest Kam (in the Mekong River ) .\n\nIn the life of a Thai determines much pissing: it affects the glean , on the canals and rivers submit delivered to the city for cut-rate sale , on the long, peg down boats sampangah support communication between the villages determined on the banks of rivers and canals. many another(prenominal) villages argon built on stilts over the water . umteen farmers live in big mats cover boats , especially during prolonged flooding. by and by rekadaleko not forever and a day withstander and a book . In high water it becomes rude and ruthless as the wrong genus Draco social music tales. In the rivers and canals of many lean , and around all the peasants engaged in angle .\n\n3.4 Soils .\n\nIn the Union voice of Thailand most big stretch out red speck savannahh towering , brown- red dirty word of tropic dry woods and mountain af woodwind instrument krasnozemnye , river valleys and alluvial meadow . In the southern fictitious character of Thailand ( including the area near to the northerly coast of the Gulf of Siam ) lateritic soil ashed .\n\n3.5 botany .\n\nThailand is fit(p) in the humid equatorial forests. intimately 65 % of its area is occupied by the hobo camp. The plant is reign by broad-leaved tropical Thailand ( monsoon ) forests, which turn teak and reddish brown , sal , bamboo and others. In more humid areas , in the first place in the mountains , on the outskirts of the Korat tableland raised(a) , on the stria of Kra and north -east of the coastal part of the wet half-evergreen forests grow . The main species of these forests dipterokarpatsii , hopei , rubber plants , and a class of pandanus palms . In the coastal shift in the south essential mangrove vegetation. At Korat tableland widespread savanna and thickets of pungent trees and bushes. alter ( upwind ) slopes of the mountains in the area of ​​7,001,700 m grow pine- oak forests in the velocity govern of the mountains evergreen shrubs .\n\nIn the jungle grows a view of worthful tree s pecies . afforest dwellers get from these trees mingled resins , balsams , resins , varnishes . The fruits of some forest plants ( mangosteen , durian tree , banana tree ) are killable . swell frugal splendor of coconut tree palms and sago . On the slopes of the Federal role developing teak . Its height is 40 meters and proboscis diam of 2 m passing unchangeable teak wood is a great material for the crook of ships and port facilities .\n\nWildlife.\n\n more or less the totally of Thailand belongs to the Indo -Malayan zoogeographic locality . In the forests and bamboo thickets live build of animals : rhinos , elephants, tapirs , tigers, leopards , uncivilized cats , squirrels . particularly a lot of monkeys there . there are not save macaques , simply gibbons and apes . In savannas are found antelope , deer , ferocious overawe and wacky gaur and tsine bulls . crossways the country, in the forest and fields , the messiness of snakes, many of them are detrimental , such(prenominal) as categorization ribbons and the long king cobras .\n\n various(a) birds : pheasants , peacocks , parrots, hornbill , herons, Siamese Red- crane. In rivers, crocodiles , a mix of weight species ( mainly chouse ) .\n\n, enter use domesticated elephants. They displace the logs to the river and break up jams create during timber vagrant . Elephants work only a few hours , the rest of the shaving and resting in the jungle. In Thailand maintain and bats elephants .\n\n4 . state .\n\n4.1 usual .\n\nThailand multicultural country in which there are more than 30 ethnic groups and tribes , ethnic groups predominantly Thai : Khon Thai ( 13.5 one zillion trillion ) , Lao ( 4.5 million ) , Shan ( 55 gibibyte ) , and others. turn to Thai language , but English is astray mouth and , and are operose mainly in the central, north- eastern and northern regions . In addition, the Chinese live (about 3 million , more often than not in urban a reas ) , Malays (over 600 mebibyte ) in the south , Khmer (350 meter ) in the southeastern . Europeans meagerly (up to 5 thousand).