The Environment And Intensive Farming Environmental Sciences Essay

The Environment And intense kingdom environmental Sciences examineBy 5000 BC the Sumerians had developed core agricultural techniques including large-scale intensive cultivation of land, mono-cropping, organized irrigation, and the use of a specialized labour force.Intensive husbandry orintensive agricultureis an agricultural corpse that aims to drive maximum yield from available land. Besides, its overly anagricultural toil system characterized by the high inputs ofcapital,labour or heavy physical exertion of technologies much(prenominal) aspesticidesand chemicalfertilizersrelative to land bea. You could say feed is produced in large quantities with the help of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The products such(prenominal) as eggs, center field and many agricultural products available in many supermarkets be produced using modern intensive state. Intensive farming is skilful widely by many of the developed economies of the world. Sustainable intensive farming, i ntensive aquaculture, intensive brook stock farming and managed intensive grazing fall at a lower place intensive farming.Environment issues of Intensive FarmingIntensive farming may puzzle some issues to the environment. For instance-Intensive farming includes the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.It is alike associated with overpopulated wight(prenominal) farms, which are often associated with befoulment and animal sickness. And even more(prenominal) disturbing is the fact that the majority of working farms use intensive farming. This meaning more chemicals on our plate at each meal.The use of such jalopyive amounts of north based fertilizers contaminates the area lakes and rivers.Forests are destroyed to wee-wee large open fields and this could lead to soil erosion and put ons inseparable habits in the forest.The pesticides sprayed on crops destroy pests, contaminate the crops and kill good insects. Eventually, these ch emicals are passed on to the human beings. The fruits and vegetables bought from farms that promote intensive farming are cover with invisible pesticide. These are non easily washed off. The residue of the pesticide affect the health of human beings.Use of pesticides has numerous negative health set up on workers who applied those, people that live nearby the area of application or downstream from it and consumers who eat the pesticides which remain on their food.INTENSIVE solid ground IN MALAYSIA pedigree farming in Sabah once seen as backyard farming and pose no threat to the environment, but with the rapid development in the store constancy, particularly in monogastric subsector, coupled with rapid expansion of urban and peri-urban area, line farming has become the critical issue. Excessive inventory idle as a result of intensive farming system charter to be addressed. Although animal fade put up be utilized as a manure to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, it can too induce environmental hazard if not managed properly. It can caused mal odour or odour nuisance to environment, surface water contamination, secondary contaminant and also religious sensitivity.Table 1. Estimated Livestock nation of Sabah, 1999SpeciesNumber (Head)oxen44,837 cow50,741Goat37,285Sheep1,900Pig100,000Chicken3,400,000Duck113,000Source (Anon.1999b)Livestock SpeciesPopulationWaste Produce (m.t.) per YearPoultry2.4 one million million millions178,000Duck0.5 millions55,000Pig85,000248,000Cattle/Buffalo97,0001,416,000Goat/Sheep38,00070,000Total1,967,000Source (Mokhtar and Chia, 2000)Table 2. Total livestock population and the bolts produced per classThe rapid growth of the livestock industry caused on environmental task-related to the livestock barren generated from the intensive farming system. Livestock waste generated from an extensive or semi extensive farming system does not seem to cause any major environmental problem as shown in table 2, ca ttle or buffalo wastes amount to 1.4 million metric ton compare to sloven wastes ab surface 248,000 metric ton. The problem is further aggravated with the rapid development of the urban and peri-urban area where around of the livestock farms are situated. The total livestock population and the waste produced per year for selected animal is illustrated in Table 2.Environmental problems cause by livestock farmingWater PollutionMain environmental problem cause by livestock farming is water pollution, according to The Malaysian Environmental Quality Report, 12 rivers in the state were polluted with ammoniac nitrogen (NH3-N) due to livestock farming and domestic wastes in 1997. Water pollution cause by livestock farming occurred due to malfunction of waste lagoon or accidentally spill over from flooded lagoon or deliberate flushing of wastes directly into river system. Water may turn blood-red brown and may destroy the fragile ecosystem. Pollution from nutrients contained in animal ma nure, namely phosphorous and nitrogen is one of the most serious problems, leading(p) to excess algae growth, robbing water of oxygen which may lead to mass destruction of fish.Air pollutionThe anaerobic decomposition of stored animal wastes generates several(a) volatile metabolic compounds of which a dozen contributes to odour, in particular enthalpy sulphide (H2S) and ammonia. These can cause continuous source of strong, persistent and unreasonably offensive hog/poultry odours. The resulting of air pollution is interfering with meet areas. Air pollution in the form of ammonia nitrogen can cause respiratory illness in the neighborhood up to both miles away from the site.Potential source of diseasesBeside serious environmental problem, animal waste also may become a source of various diseases such as infectious worm larvae hatched from the worm eggs passed out with the faeces contamination encrusted with organic matter is an ideal instruction ground of harmful bacteria. Arthro pods such as flies, lice, fleas that are attracted by animal waste may trigger outbreak of infectious diseases, because they are the vectors to vent diseases such as viruses, rickettsiae, protozoa and helminthes.WAYS TO PREVENTThere are several ways to prevent Environmental problems cause by livestock farming, fr instance-To minimize environment problem caused by pig waste there should be proper animal waste attention system such as improving the housing adopting by the cope with Recharge System and Concrete Floor unit.The adoption of the Sequencing Batch nuclear reactor (SBBR) with an Automation, which is waste water treatment system with the function of stirring, aeration and settling.To reduce the odour emitted from farm, a close housing system with regulated ventilation is used. Thats mean, by using high efficiency fans at one reverse of the building fresh air is sucked ion from outside environment passing through with(predicate) the cooling pad to reduce the temperature be fore being delivered into the building.Livestock Farming Rules, 2001. In the meantime the Department of Veterinary Services and Animal application is well aware of the need to control and rectify irregularities in the livestock farming practices. Base on this, Livestock Farming Rules, 2000 (Draft) was introduced. This regulation was created under the existing Animal Ordinance 1962 (Amended 1998). Under this legislation, all livestock farms shall be operated under the permit of Department of Veterinary Services and Animal Industry, Sabah (DOVSAI). closureIntensive farming orintensive agricultureis an agricultural system characterized by the high inputs ofcapital,labour or heavy usage of technologies such aspesticidesand chemicalfertilizersrelative to land area. Intensive farming is practiced widely by many of the developed economies of the world. However, it may bring disadvantages to our environment.Livestock farming has become the critical issue. The rapid growth of the livestock industry in Sabah caused on environmental problem-related to the livestock waste generated from the intensive farming system. Excessive livestock waste as a result of intensive farming system need to be addressed. If not managed properly, it can caused mephitis or odour nuisance to environment, surface water contamination, secondary pollution and also religious sensitivity.RERERENCEShttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_farminghttp//www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-for-intensive-farming.htmlhttp//www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-for-intensive-farming.htmlhttp//www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5019e/y5019e0l.htmhttp//kb.rspca.org.au/RSPCA-Policy-B2-Intensive-farming-practices_165.htmlhttp//www.sabah.gov.my/jpas/news/SITE/SITEppr12.pdf